"The Wages of Sin. No. 8. Concordance Study." by Charles H. Welch in The Berean Expositor, circa 1914-15. The final installment in this series. "The Wages of Sin. No. 8. Concordance Study." by Charles H. Welch in The Berean Expositor. Before concluding this series and passing on to further studies dealing with the destinies of the saved and unsaved, heaven and earth, and the Scriptures pertaining to these great themes, we feel that a summary of our findings will be of service. It will be remembered that certain words have been considered with regard to their primary etymological meaning, their secondary or figurative meaning, and their usage. We now provide a concordance to the subject, giving as full particulars as is possible in the limited space. For the arguments, &c., the reader is referred to the various pages of the magazine given in the last column [BTR ed. note: I had to abandon the column format]. Nephesh (Hebrew) occurs 754 times. A.V. translations: 472 -- "soul", 119 -- "life", remainder -- 43 different words. Usage references: Gen. i.20,21,24,20; ii.7,19; vii.21,22; 1 Cor. xv.44-47. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: Soul. -- Possessed by every living creature, every thing that breatheth. Adam the living soul was of the earth, earthy. Not an equivalent to spirit or spiritual. Reference: Vol. i. pp. 77-82. Olam (Hebrew) occurs 434 times (including combinations). A.V. translations: 267 -- "ever", 56 -- "everlasting", "world", "old time", etc. Usage references: Used of God -- Psa. xli.13; cii.17. Used of man -- Gen vi.4; Ex. xxi.5,6; Josh. xxiv.2; 1 Sam. i.22; Ps. xc.8; Ecc. xii.14; Isa. xxxii.14; lxiv.4. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: Something hidden or secret. A period of undefined limits, having a beginning and an end, but not necessarily within the knowledge of man. Reference: Vol. i. pp. 90-93. Abad (Hebrew) occurs 185 times. A.V. translations: 79 -- "perish", 63 -- "destroy", "destruction". Usage references: Numb. xvi.33; Deut. xii.2,3; Esther iv.16; Ps. xxxvii.20; Rev. ix.11. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: To perish. Reference: Vol. ii. pp. 8-12. Shamad (Hebrew) occurs 92 times. A.V. translations: 66 -- "destroy", 19 -- "be destroyed". Usage references: Deut. ix.3,14; Ps. cxlv.20; Amos. ix.8. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: To destroy. Reference: Vol. ii. pp. 12,13. Tsamath (Hebrew) occurs 16 times. A.V. translations: 8 -- "cut off", 5 -- "destroy". Usage references: Lev. xxv.23,30 (margin); 2 Sam. xxii.41,43; Ps. xciv.23. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: To be deprived of being, existence, identity, or relationship. Reference: Vol. ii. pp. 41-43. Karath (Hebrew) occurs 286 times. A.V. translations: 88 -- "cut off", 59 -- "to be cut off", 84 -- "to make a covenant". Usage references: Gen. ix.11; Exod. xii.15; Ps. xxxvii.38; Dan.ix.26. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: To cut off, as in demise, or as in felling a tree. Reference: Vol. ii. pp. 43-45. Kalah (Hebrew) occurs 188 times. A.V. translations: 60 -- "to consume", "be consumed", "consume away". Usage references: Gen. ii.2; xvii.22; Ps. lix.13; Isa. x.22; Zeph. 1.18. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: To consume, to bring to a complete end. Reference: Vol. ii. pp. 90,91. Nathats (Hebrew) occurs 42 times. A.V. translations: 22 -- "break down", 5 - - "destroy". Usage references: Exod. xxxiv.13; Lev. xiv.45; Ps. lii.5. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: Destroy, demolish, break down. Reference: Vol. ii. pp. 91,92. Muth (Hebrew) occurs 742 times. A.V. translations: 420 -- "to die", 60 -- "to put to death", 57 -- "put to death". Usage references: Gen. ii.17; v.5; Exod. xxi.12; Ezek. xviii.4. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: Death, used of man and of animals. Reference: Vol. ii. pp. 92-94. Sheol (Hebrew) occurs 65 times. A.V. translations: 31 -- "grave", 31 -- "hell", 3 -- "pit". Usage references: Gen. xxxvii.35; Job xiv.13; Ps. ix.17; xvi.9,10; Hos. xiii.14. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: THE grave (not so much A grave). Reference: Vol. iii. pp. 31-35. Apollumi (Greek) occurs 92 times. A.V. translations: 23 -- "destroy", 33 -- "perish", 10 -- "be lost". Usage references: Matt. x.28; Luke vi.9; John iii.16; 1 Cor. xv.18; Heb. i.11; xi.31; Rev. ix.11. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: To destroy utterly. Reference: Vol. iii. pp. 84-85. Apoleia (Greek) occurs 20 times. A.V. translations: 5 -- "destruction", 8 -- "perdition". Usage references: Matt. vii.13,14; John xvii.12; Phil. i.28; iii.19; 1 Tim. vi.9; 2 Peter ii.1-3. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: Destruction. Reference: Vol. iii. pp. 88-90. Olethros (Greek) occurs 4 times. A.V. translations: 4 -- "destruction". Usage references: 1 Cor. v.5; 1 Thess. v.3; 2 Thess. 1.9; 1 Tim. vi.9. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: Destruction. Reference: Vol. iv. pp. 8-10. Olothreuo (Greek) occurs 1 time. A.V. translations: 1 -- "destroyer". Usage references: Heb. xi.28. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: Destroyer. Reference: Vol. iv. pp. 10. Olothreutes (Greek) occurs 1 time. A.V. translations: 1 -- "destroyer". Usage references: 1 Cor. x.10. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: To destroy. Reference: Vol. iv. pp. 10. Kolasis (Greek) occurs 2 times. A.V. translations: 1 -- "punishment", 1 -- "torment". Usage references: Matt. xxv.46; 1 John iv.18. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: To cut off. Reference: Vol. iv. pp. 10. Kakouchoumenos (Greek) occurs 2 times. A.V. translations: 1 -- "tormented", 1 -- "suffer adversity". Usage references: Heb. xi.37; xiii.3. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: To suffer ill-usage. Reference: Vol. iv. pp. 10. Odunomai (Greek) occurs 4 times. A.V. translations: 2 -- "be tormented", 2 - - "sorrow". Usage references: Luke ii.48; xvi.24,25; Acts xx.38. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: Deep sorrow. Reference: Vol. iv. pp. 11. Basanizo (Greek) occurs 12 times. A.V. translations: 8 -- "torment". Usage references: Mark v.7. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: To try, and then test, examine by torture. Reference: Vol. iv. pp. 11,12. Basanistes (Greek) occurs 1 time. A.V. translations: 1 -- "tormentor". Usage references: Matt. xviii.34. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: To try, and then test, examine by torture. Reference: Vol. iv. pp. 11,12. Basanos (Greek) occurs 3 times. A.V. translations: 3 -- "torment". Usage references: Luke xvi.23. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: To try, and then test, examine by torture. Reference: Vol. iv. pp. 11,12. Basanismos (Greek) occurs 5 times. A.V. translations: 5 -- "torment". Usage references: Rev. xiv.11. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: To try, and then test, examine by torture. Reference: Vol. iv. pp. 11,12. The primary question before us throughout this series was, What does Scripture teach regarding the wages of sin? And as a secondary consideration, How dies the doctrine of eternal conscious suffering appear in the light of Holy Scripture? The investigations, summarized in this article, provide a complete answer to THAT question. Surely we need never fear, nor apologize for holding a doctrine as truth, if we have examined every word used by God Himself upon the subject. We call our readers to witness that we have not frittered away valuable time nor space with mere negations, nor with profitless controversy over other men's opinions; we have gone to the fountain head, and by the evidence adduced we abide. Eternal conscious suffering is not the wages of sin. Scripture declares that death, destruction, and perishing, preceded by more or less suffering, is the wages of sin. It must be kept in mind, however, that while we have negatived the idea of eternal conscious suffering, there lies before us much that requires patient and prayerful investigation. We have to consider who are involved, how far it applies to all whom we call "unsaved," and whether it obtains for the ages, or for eternity. The passages which deal with the reconciliation of all, the ransom for all, the mercy that endureth, and the wrath for a little while, demand our most earnest attention. Our only safe course is to continue searching into what God has said, searching out the very words of inspiration, and trusting that He will abundantly fulfill the promise of the words, "the entrance the Thy Word giveth light," or as one has suggested as an alternative rendering, "Thy words enter, light is given."